10 Best Mobile Apps For Evolution Site
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작성자 Jocelyn 작성일 25-01-13 10:00 조회 90 댓글 0본문
The Academy's Evolution Site
Biology is a key concept in biology. The Academies have been active for a long time in helping those interested in science understand the concept of evolution and how it influences all areas of scientific exploration.
This site provides a wide range of sources for teachers, students as well as general readers about evolution. It contains important video clips from NOVA and WGBH's science programs on DVD.
Tree of Life
The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol that represents the interconnectedness of life. It is a symbol of love and unity across many cultures. It can be used in many practical ways in addition to providing a framework to understand the history of species, and how they react to changes in environmental conditions.
The first attempts to depict the biological world were built on categorizing organisms based on their metabolic and physical characteristics. These methods are based on the sampling of different parts of organisms or short DNA fragments, have greatly increased the diversity of a Tree of Life2. The trees are mostly composed by eukaryotes and bacteria are largely underrepresented3,4.
Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to depict the Tree of Life by circumventing the requirement for direct observation and experimentation. In particular, molecular methods allow us to build trees by using sequenced markers, such as the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene.
Despite the dramatic growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a lot of biodiversity awaits discovery. This is especially true for microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are usually found in one sample5. A recent analysis of all genomes that are known has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including many bacteria and archaea that have not been isolated, and their diversity is not fully understood6.
This expanded Tree of Life can be used to assess the biodiversity of a particular area and determine if specific habitats need special protection. The information can be used in a range of ways, from identifying the most effective remedies to fight diseases to enhancing crop yields. The information is also incredibly valuable to conservation efforts. It helps biologists discover areas that are most likely to have cryptic species, which may perform important metabolic functions and be vulnerable to the effects of human activity. While funding to protect biodiversity are important, the most effective method to preserve the world's biodiversity is to equip more people in developing nations with the knowledge they need to act locally and support conservation.
Phylogeny
A phylogeny (also known as an evolutionary tree) illustrates the relationship between different organisms. Using molecular data, morphological similarities and differences or ontogeny (the course of development of an organism) scientists can create a phylogenetic tree that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic categories. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding evolution, biodiversity and genetics.
A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms that have similar traits and have evolved from an ancestor with common traits. These shared traits could be analogous, or 에볼루션 사이트 homologous. Homologous traits are identical in their evolutionary origins while analogous traits appear similar but do not have the same ancestors. Scientists group similar traits together into a grouping called a clade. For instance, all of the species in a clade have the characteristic of having amniotic eggs. They evolved from a common ancestor who had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting the clades to determine the organisms who are the closest to each other.
To create a more thorough and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists rely on molecular information from DNA or RNA to identify the relationships among organisms. This information is more precise and provides evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism. The analysis of molecular data can help researchers determine the number of species that have the same ancestor and estimate their evolutionary age.
The phylogenetic relationships between species can be affected by a variety of factors, including phenotypic flexibility, a kind of behavior 무료에볼루션 (click the up coming website) that alters in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar to one species than to another, obscuring the phylogenetic signals. This problem can be addressed by using cladistics, which is a the combination of homologous and analogous traits in the tree.
In addition, phylogenetics helps determine the duration and speed at which speciation takes place. This information will assist conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to safeguard from disappearance. In the end, it's the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will create an ecosystem that is balanced and complete.
Evolutionary Theory
The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire distinct characteristics over time as a result of their interactions with their environments. Many scientists have developed theories of evolution, such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274) who believed that a living thing would evolve according to its individual needs, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern taxonomy system that is hierarchical, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who suggested that the use or non-use of certain traits can result in changes that are passed on to the
In the 1930s and 1940s, 에볼루션 ideas from various fields, including genetics, natural selection, and particulate inheritance - came together to create the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory which explains how evolution occurs through the variations of genes within a population and how these variants change over time due to natural selection. This model, known as genetic drift or mutation, gene flow, and sexual selection, is the foundation of current evolutionary biology, and can be mathematically explained.
Recent developments in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown that variation can be introduced into a species by genetic drift, mutation, and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, and also through migration between populations. These processes, as well as other ones like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of the genotype over time) can lead to evolution, 에볼루션 which is defined by change in the genome of the species over time and 에볼루션 바카라 also by changes in phenotype as time passes (the expression of the genotype in the individual).
Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny by using evolutionary thinking in all aspects of biology. A recent study by Grunspan and colleagues, for example demonstrated that teaching about the evidence supporting evolution increased students' acceptance of evolution in a college-level biology class. For more information on how to teach about evolution, see The Evolutionary Potential in All Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily: a Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.
Evolution in Action
Traditionally scientists have studied evolution through studying fossils, comparing species and observing living organisms. Evolution is not a past event; it is an ongoing process that continues to be observed today. The virus reinvents itself to avoid new antibiotics and bacteria transform to resist antibiotics. Animals alter their behavior because of a changing environment. The results are usually easy to see.
It wasn't until late 1980s when biologists began to realize that natural selection was also in play. The reason is that different characteristics result in different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and can be passed down from one generation to the next.
In the past, if a certain allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. Over time, that would mean the number of black moths in the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.
It is easier to track evolution when a species, such as bacteria, has a rapid generation turnover. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each population are taken regularly and over 500.000 generations have been observed.
Lenski's research has shown that mutations can drastically alter the efficiency with which a population reproduces and, consequently, the rate at which it changes. It also demonstrates that evolution takes time--a fact that many find hard to accept.
Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides show up more often in areas where insecticides are used. This is due to pesticides causing a selective pressure which favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.
The speed at which evolution can take place has led to an increasing recognition of its importance in a world that is shaped by human activity, including climate changes, pollution and the loss of habitats that hinder many species from adjusting. Understanding evolution can help us make smarter decisions regarding the future of our planet as well as the life of its inhabitants.
Biology is a key concept in biology. The Academies have been active for a long time in helping those interested in science understand the concept of evolution and how it influences all areas of scientific exploration.
This site provides a wide range of sources for teachers, students as well as general readers about evolution. It contains important video clips from NOVA and WGBH's science programs on DVD.
Tree of Life
The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol that represents the interconnectedness of life. It is a symbol of love and unity across many cultures. It can be used in many practical ways in addition to providing a framework to understand the history of species, and how they react to changes in environmental conditions.
The first attempts to depict the biological world were built on categorizing organisms based on their metabolic and physical characteristics. These methods are based on the sampling of different parts of organisms or short DNA fragments, have greatly increased the diversity of a Tree of Life2. The trees are mostly composed by eukaryotes and bacteria are largely underrepresented3,4.
Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to depict the Tree of Life by circumventing the requirement for direct observation and experimentation. In particular, molecular methods allow us to build trees by using sequenced markers, such as the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene.
Despite the dramatic growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a lot of biodiversity awaits discovery. This is especially true for microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are usually found in one sample5. A recent analysis of all genomes that are known has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including many bacteria and archaea that have not been isolated, and their diversity is not fully understood6.
This expanded Tree of Life can be used to assess the biodiversity of a particular area and determine if specific habitats need special protection. The information can be used in a range of ways, from identifying the most effective remedies to fight diseases to enhancing crop yields. The information is also incredibly valuable to conservation efforts. It helps biologists discover areas that are most likely to have cryptic species, which may perform important metabolic functions and be vulnerable to the effects of human activity. While funding to protect biodiversity are important, the most effective method to preserve the world's biodiversity is to equip more people in developing nations with the knowledge they need to act locally and support conservation.
Phylogeny
A phylogeny (also known as an evolutionary tree) illustrates the relationship between different organisms. Using molecular data, morphological similarities and differences or ontogeny (the course of development of an organism) scientists can create a phylogenetic tree that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic categories. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding evolution, biodiversity and genetics.
A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms that have similar traits and have evolved from an ancestor with common traits. These shared traits could be analogous, or 에볼루션 사이트 homologous. Homologous traits are identical in their evolutionary origins while analogous traits appear similar but do not have the same ancestors. Scientists group similar traits together into a grouping called a clade. For instance, all of the species in a clade have the characteristic of having amniotic eggs. They evolved from a common ancestor who had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting the clades to determine the organisms who are the closest to each other.
To create a more thorough and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists rely on molecular information from DNA or RNA to identify the relationships among organisms. This information is more precise and provides evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism. The analysis of molecular data can help researchers determine the number of species that have the same ancestor and estimate their evolutionary age.
The phylogenetic relationships between species can be affected by a variety of factors, including phenotypic flexibility, a kind of behavior 무료에볼루션 (click the up coming website) that alters in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar to one species than to another, obscuring the phylogenetic signals. This problem can be addressed by using cladistics, which is a the combination of homologous and analogous traits in the tree.
In addition, phylogenetics helps determine the duration and speed at which speciation takes place. This information will assist conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to safeguard from disappearance. In the end, it's the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will create an ecosystem that is balanced and complete.
Evolutionary Theory
The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire distinct characteristics over time as a result of their interactions with their environments. Many scientists have developed theories of evolution, such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274) who believed that a living thing would evolve according to its individual needs, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern taxonomy system that is hierarchical, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who suggested that the use or non-use of certain traits can result in changes that are passed on to the
In the 1930s and 1940s, 에볼루션 ideas from various fields, including genetics, natural selection, and particulate inheritance - came together to create the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory which explains how evolution occurs through the variations of genes within a population and how these variants change over time due to natural selection. This model, known as genetic drift or mutation, gene flow, and sexual selection, is the foundation of current evolutionary biology, and can be mathematically explained.
Recent developments in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown that variation can be introduced into a species by genetic drift, mutation, and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, and also through migration between populations. These processes, as well as other ones like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of the genotype over time) can lead to evolution, 에볼루션 which is defined by change in the genome of the species over time and 에볼루션 바카라 also by changes in phenotype as time passes (the expression of the genotype in the individual).
Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny by using evolutionary thinking in all aspects of biology. A recent study by Grunspan and colleagues, for example demonstrated that teaching about the evidence supporting evolution increased students' acceptance of evolution in a college-level biology class. For more information on how to teach about evolution, see The Evolutionary Potential in All Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily: a Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.
Evolution in Action
Traditionally scientists have studied evolution through studying fossils, comparing species and observing living organisms. Evolution is not a past event; it is an ongoing process that continues to be observed today. The virus reinvents itself to avoid new antibiotics and bacteria transform to resist antibiotics. Animals alter their behavior because of a changing environment. The results are usually easy to see.
It wasn't until late 1980s when biologists began to realize that natural selection was also in play. The reason is that different characteristics result in different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and can be passed down from one generation to the next.
In the past, if a certain allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. Over time, that would mean the number of black moths in the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.
It is easier to track evolution when a species, such as bacteria, has a rapid generation turnover. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each population are taken regularly and over 500.000 generations have been observed.
Lenski's research has shown that mutations can drastically alter the efficiency with which a population reproduces and, consequently, the rate at which it changes. It also demonstrates that evolution takes time--a fact that many find hard to accept.
Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides show up more often in areas where insecticides are used. This is due to pesticides causing a selective pressure which favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.
The speed at which evolution can take place has led to an increasing recognition of its importance in a world that is shaped by human activity, including climate changes, pollution and the loss of habitats that hinder many species from adjusting. Understanding evolution can help us make smarter decisions regarding the future of our planet as well as the life of its inhabitants.
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